Universal Translationally-Invariant Hamiltonians

Abstract

In this work we extend the notion of universal quantum Hamiltonians to the setting of translationally-invariant systems. We present a construction that allows a two-dimensional spin lattice with nearest-neighbour interactions, open boundaries, and translational symmetry to simulate any local target Hamiltonian---i.e. to reproduce the whole of the target system within its low-energy subspace to arbitrarily-high precision. Since this implies the capability to simulate non-translationally-invariant many-body systems with translationally-invariant couplings, any effect such as characteristics commonly associated to systems with external disorder, e.g. many-body localization, can also occur within the low-energy Hilbert space sector of translationally-invariant systems. Then we sketch a variant of the universal lattice construction optimized for simulating translationally-invariant target Hamiltonians. Finally we prove that qubit Hamiltonians consisting of Heisenberg or XY interactions of varying interaction strengths restricted to the edges of a connected translationally-invariant graph embedded in $\mathbb{R}^D$ are universal, and can efficiently simulate any geometrically local Hamiltonian in $\mathbb{R}^D$.