Globally hypoelliptic triangularizable systems of periodic pseudo-differential operators

Abstract

This article presents an investigation on the global hypoellipticity problem for systems belonging to the class $P = D_t + Q(t,D_x)$, where $Q(t,D_x)$ is a $m\times m$ matrix with entries $c_{j,k}(t)Q_{j,k}(D_x)$. The coefficients $c_{j,k}(t)$ are smooth, complex-valued functions on the torus $\mathbb{T} \simeq \mathbb{R}/2\pi\mathbb{Z}$ and $Q_{j,k}(D_x)$ are pseudo-differential operators on $ \mathbb{T}^n$. The approach consists in establishing conditions on the matrix symbol $Q(t,\xi)$ such that it can be transformed into a suitable triangular form $\Lambda(t,\xi) + \mathcal{N}(t,\xi)$, where $\Lambda(t,\xi)$ is the diagonal matrix $diag(\lambda_{1}(t,\xi) \ldots \lambda_{m}(t,\xi))$ and $\mathcal{N}(t,\xi)$ is a nilpotent upper triangular matrix. Hence, the global hypoellipticity of $P$ is studied by analyzing the behavior of the eigenvalues $\lambda_{j}(t,\xi)$ and its averages $\lambda_{0,j}(\xi)$, as $|\xi| \to \infty$.