Fixation for Two-Dimensional $\mathcal U$-ISING and $\mathcal U$-VOTER Dynamics

Abstract

Given a finite family $\mathcal U$ of finite subsets of $\mathbb Z^d\setminus \{0\}$, the $\mathcal U$-$voter\ dynamics$ in the space of configurations $\{+,-\}^{\mathbb Z^d}$ is defined as follows: every $v\in\mathbb Z^d$ has an independent exponential random clock, and when the clock at $v$ rings, the vertex $v$ chooses $X\in\mathcal U$ uniformly at random. If the set $v+X$ is entirely in state $+$ (resp. $-$), then the state of $v$ updates to $+$ (resp. $-$), otherwise nothing happens. The $critical\ probability$ $p_c^{\text{vot}}(\mathbb Z^d,\mathcal U)$ for this model is the infimum over $p$ such that this system almost surely fixates at $+$ when the initial states for the vertices are chosen independently to be $+$ with probability $p$ and to be $-$ with probability $1-p$. We prove that $p_c^{\text{vot}}(\mathbb Z^d,\mathcal U)<1$ for a wide class of families $\mathcal U$. We moreover consider the $\mathcal U$-Ising dynamics and show that this model also exhibits the same phase transition.