The high-order nonrelativistic Hamiltonian of electromagnetic system

Abstract

The nonrelativistic Hamiltonians of scalar, spinor and vector particles in the electromagnetic field are studied by applying the Douglas-Kroll-Hess approach. Their relativistic Hamiltonians are expanded on the potential, and the Hamiltonians containing one- and two-photon potentials are derived. The nonrelativistic Hamiltonians up to $m\alpha^8$ order are obtained by applying Taylor expansion on momentum, and the result of spin-1/2 spinor is coincided with the result obtained by applying scattering matching approach in the Ref.~[Phys. Rev. A {\bf 100}, 012513 (2019)]. Then, the singularities in Hamiltonian of Coulomb systems are separated out and cancelled. The regularized Hamiltonian up to $m\alpha^8$ order for scaler and electron in Coulomb field are obtained. The numerical results of relativistic corrections are coincided with the relativistic theory. The regularized Hamiltonian up to $m\alpha^6$ for multi-electrons in Coulomb field are also derived.