Hydroxygraphene: dynamics of hydrogen bond networks
Abstract
Using the molecular dynamics method, dynamics of hydrogen bond (HB) networks emerging on the surface of a graphene sheet during its functionalization with hydroxyl groups OH are simulated. It is demonstrated that two OH groups form an energetically more advantageous structure when they are covalently attached on one side of the sheet to carbon atoms forming opposite vertices of one hexagon of valence bonds of the sheet. Attaching of OH groups to carbon atoms located at the opposite vertices of hexagons of valence bonds leads to the emergence of hydroxygraphene C4(OH). In such sheet lying on a flat substrate, attached oxygen atoms on its outer surface form a hexagonal lattice, and hydroxyl groups due to their turns can in various ways form chains of hydrogen bonds. The modification of the sheet from two sides results in forming of hydroxygraphene C2(OH) with HB networks on both sides of the graphene sheet. Simulation of the dynamics of these sheets shows that their heat capacity at low temperatures T<T0 increases monotonously when the temperature rises, reaches its maximum at T=T0 and then decreases monotonically. The initial growth is caused by the accumulation of orientational defects in the lattice of hydrogen bonds whereas the decrease at T>T0 is explained by the "melting" of the lattice. For one chain of OH groups connected to the outer side of a nanoribbon the melting temperature is T0=500K, while for a graphene sheet C4(OH) modified on one side T0=260K, and for a graphene sheet C2(OH) modified on both sides T0=485K.