Optimal decay rates of the compressible Euler equations with time-dependent damping in $\mathbb R^n$: (II) over-damping case

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the multi-dimensional compressible Euler equations with time-dependent over-damping of the form $-\frac{\mu}{(1+t)^\lambda}\rho\boldsymbol u$ in $\mathbb R^n$, where $n\ge2$, $\mu>0$, and $\lambda\in[-1,0)$. This continues our previous work dealing with the under-damping case for $\lambda\in[0,1)$. We show the optimal decay estimates of the solutions such that for $\lambda\in(-1,0)$ and $n\ge2$, $\|\rho-1\|_{L^2(\mathbb R^n)}\approx(1+t)^{-\frac{1+\lambda}{4}n}$ and $\|\boldsymbol u\|_{L^2(\mathbb R^n)}\approx (1+t)^{-\frac{1+\lambda}{4}n-\frac{1-\lambda}{2}}$, which indicates that a stronger damping gives rise to solutions decaying optimally slower. For the critical case of $\lambda=-1$, we prove the optimal logarithmical decay of the perturbation of density for the damped Euler equations such that $\|\rho-1\|_{L^2(\mathbb R^n)}\approx |\ln(e+t)|^{-\frac{n}{4}}$ and $\|\boldsymbol u\|_{L^2(\mathbb R^n)}\approx (1+t)^{-1}\cdot|\ln(e+t)|^{-\frac{n}{4}-\frac{1}{2}}$ for $n\ge7$. The over-damping effect reduces the decay rates of the solutions to be slow, which causes us some technical difficulty in obtaining the optimal decay rates by the Fourier analysis method and the Green function method. Here, we propose a new idea to overcome such a difficulty by artfully combining the Green function method and the time-weighted energy method.