Extensions of Hardy-type true-implies-false gadgets to classically obtain indistinguishability

Abstract

In quantum logical terms, Hardy-type arguments can be uniformly presented and extended as collections of intertwined contexts and their observables. If interpreted classically those structures serve as graph-theoretic "gadgets" that enforce correlations on the respective preselected and postselected observable terminal points. The method allows the generalization and extension to other types of relational properties, in particular, to novel joint properties predicting classical equality of quantum mechanically distinct observables. It also facilitates finding faithful orthogonal representations of quantum observables.