Standing waves with prescribed mass for the Schr\"{o}dinger equations with van der Waals type potentials

Abstract

\begin{abstract} In this paper, we focus on the standing waves with prescribed mass for the Schr\"{o}dinger equations with van der Waals type potentials, that is, two-body potentials with different width. This leads to the study of the following nonlocal elliptic equation \begin{equation*}\label{1} -\Delta u=\lambda u+\mu (|x|^{-\alpha}\ast|u|^{2})u+(|x|^{-\beta}\ast|u|^{2})u,\ \ x\in \R^{N} \end{equation*} under the normalized constraint \[\int_{{\mathbb{R}^N}} {{u}^2}=c>0,\] where $N\geq 3$, $\mu\!>\!0$, $\alpha$, $\beta\in (0,N)$, and the frequency $\lambda\in \mathbb{R}$ is unknown and appears as Lagrange multiplier. Compared with the well studied case $\alpha=\beta$, the solution set of the above problem with different width of two body potentials $\alpha\neq\beta$ is much richer. Under different assumptions on $c$, $\alpha$ and $\beta$, we prove several existence, multiplicity and asymptotic behavior of solutions to the above problem. In addition, the stability of the corresponding standing waves for the related time-dependent problem is discussed.