Amorphous state of sp2 solid carbon
Abstract
Two-mode valence electron configuration of carbon atoms lays the foundation of the unique two-mode amorphous state of the monoatomic carbon solid. From the fundamentals of solid-state physics, sp3 and sp2 amorphous carbons are two different amorphous species characterized by conceptually different short-range orders, namely, groups of tetrahedrally bonded sp3 configured atoms and size-restricted sp2 graphene domains framed with heteroatom necklaces. Molecular character of sp2 amorphics is coherent with the reaction mechanism of the solid amorphicity in due course of the forced fragmentation.
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