A tale of three diagonalizations
Abstract
In addition to the diagonalization of a normal matrix by a unitary similarity transformation, there are two other types of diagonalization procedures that sometimes arise in quantum theory applications -- the singular value decomposition and the Autonne-Takagi factorization. In these pedagogical notes, we carry out each of these diagonalization procedures for the most general 2× 2 matrices for which the corresponding diagonalization is possible and provide explicit analytical results in each of the three cases.
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