Explicit coverings of families of elliptic surfaces by squares of curves

Abstract

We show that, for each $n>0$, there is a family of elliptic surfaces which are covered by the square of a curve of genus $2n+1$, and whose Hodge structures have an action by ${\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{-n})$. By considering the case $n=3$, we show that one particular family of K3 surfaces are covered by the square of genus $7$. Using this, we construct a correspondence between the square of a curve of genus $7$ and a general K3 surface in ${\mathbb P}^4$ with $15$ ordinary double points up to isogeny. This gives an explicit proof of the Kuga-Satake-Deligne correspondence for these K3 surfaces and any K3 surfaces isogenous to them, and further, a proof of the Hodge conjecture for the squares of these surfaces. We conclude that the motives of these surfaces are Kimura-finite. Our analysis gives a birational equivalence between a moduli space of curves with additional data and the moduli space of these K3 surfaces with a specific elliptic fibration.