A density property for tensor products of gradients of harmonic functions and applications

Abstract

We show that tensor products of $k$ gradients of harmonic functions, with $k$ at least three, are dense in $C(\overline{\Omega})$, for any bounded domain $\Omega$ in dimension 3 or higher. The bulk of the argument consists in showing that any smooth compactly supported $k$-tensor that is $L^2$-orthogonal to all such products must be zero. This is done by using a Gaussian quasi-mode based construction of harmonic functions in the orthogonality relation. We then demonstrate the usefulness of this result by using it to prove uniqueness in the inverse boundary value problem for a coupled quasilinear elliptic system. The paper ends with a discussion of the corresponding property for products of two gradients of harmonic functions, and the connection of this property with the linearized anisotropic Calder\'on problem.