Weights, Kovalevskaya exponents and the Painlev\'{e} property

Abstract

Weighted degrees of quasihomogeneous Hamiltonian functions of the Painlev\'{e} equations are investigated. A tuple of positive integers, called a regular weight, satisfying certain conditions related to singularity theory is classified. Each polynomial Painlev\'{e} equation has a regular weight. Conversely, for $2$ and $4$-dim cases, it is shown that there exists a differential equation satisfying the Painlev\'{e} property associated with each regular weight. Kovalevskaya exponents of quasihomogeneous Hamiltonian systems are also investigated by means of regular weights, singularity theory and dynamical systems theory. It is shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between Laurent series solutions and stable manifolds of the associated vector field obtained by the blow-up of the system. For $4$-dim autonomous Painlev\'{e} equations, the level surface of Hamiltonian functions can be decomposed into a disjoint union of stable manifolds.