Ghost interaction of breathers

Abstract

Mutual interaction of localized nonlinear waves, e.g. solitons and modulation instability patterns, is a fascinating and intensively-studied topic of nonlinear science. In this research report, we report on the observation of a novel type of breather interaction in telecommunication optical fibers, in which two identical breathers propagate with opposite group velocities. Under certain conditions, neither amplification nor annihilation occur at the collision point and most interestingly, its amplitude is almost equal to another maximum of either oscillating breather. This ghost-like breather interaction dynamics can be fully described by the N-breather solution of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation.