Many-fermion wave functions: structure and examples

Abstract

Many-fermion Hilbert space has the algebraic structure of a free module generated by a finite number of antisymmetric functions called shapes. Physically, each shape is a many-body vacuum, whose excitations are described by symmetric functions (bosons). The infinity of bosonic excitations accounts for the infinity of Hilbert space, while all shapes can be generated algorithmically in closed form. The shapes are geometric objects in wave-function space, such that any given many-body vacuum is their intersection. Correlation effects in laboratory space are geometric constraints in wave-function space. Algebraic geometry is the natural mathematical framework for the particle picture of quantum mechanics. Simple examples of this scheme are given, and the current state of the art in generating shapes is described from the viewpoint of treating very large function spaces.