Gap statistics and higher correlations for geometric progressions modulo one

Abstract

Koksma's equidistribution theorem from 1935 states that for Lebesgue almost every $\alpha>1$, the fractional parts of the geometric progression $(\alpha^{n})_{n\geq1}$ are equidistributed modulo one. In the present paper we sharpen this result by showing that for almost every $\alpha>1$, the correlations of all finite orders and hence the normalized gaps of $(\alpha^{n})_{n\geq1}$ mod 1 have a Poissonian limit distribution, thereby resolving a conjecture of the two first named authors. While an earlier approach used probabilistic methods in the form of martingale approximation, our reasoning in the present paper is of an analytic nature and based upon the estimation of oscillatory integrals. This method is robust enough to allow us to extend our results to a natural class of sub-lacunary sequences.