Magnetic Phase Transition in the Ground-State Phase Diagram of Binary Bose Gases in Optical Lattices

Abstract

We investigate the ground-state phase diagram of interacting binary Bose gases trapped in two-dimensional optical lattices by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our simulations reveal a magnetic phase transition from a $x-y$ ferromagnetic-order to a spin insulator inside the Mott insulating phase with two particles per site for quasi-balanced on-site inter- and intra-particle interactions, i.e., $U_{\uparrow \downarrow} \lesssim U$. This 3D-XY transition is characterized by the establishment of a finite local magnetic moment along the $z$-axis, ferromagnetic correlations in the $x-y$ plan and by counterflow superfluidity inside the Mott phase. When decreasing $U_{\uparrow \downarrow}/U$, this transition merges with the Mott-superfluid transition and becomes first-order. The merging of the two transitions is investigated with respect to $U_{\uparrow \downarrow}/U$ parameter.