Contextuality based quantum conferencing

Abstract

Nonlocality inequalities for multi-party systems act as contextuality inequalities for single qudit systems of suitable dimensions. In this paper, we propose the procedure for adaptation of nonlocality-based quantum conferencing protocols (QCPs) to contextuality-based QCPs. Unlike the nonlocality-based protocols, the proposed protocols do not involve nonlocal states. These protocols can also be implemented in a class of noisy channels without any compromise in the key generation rate. As an illustration of the procedure, we present a QCP based on Mermin's contextuality inequality. As a significant improvement, we propose a QCP based on CHSH contextuality inequality involving only four-dimensional states irrespective of the number of parties sharing the key. The key generation rate of the latter is twice that of the former. Although these QCPs allow for an eavesdropping attack which has no analog in nonlocality-based QCPs, a way out of this attack is demonstrated. Finally, we show the feasibility of experimental implementation of these protocols with orbital angular momentum (OAM) states.