Multi-ring, stripe, and super-lattice solitons in a spin-orbit coupled spin-1 condensate
Abstract
We demonstrate exotic stable quasi-two-dimensional solitons in a Rashba or a Dresselhaus spin-orbit (SO) coupled hyperfine spin-1 (F=1) trap-less antiferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. For weak SO coupling, the solitons are of the (-1,0,+1) or (+1,0,-1) type with intrinsic vorticity, for Rashba or Dresselhaus SO coupling, where the numbers in the parentheses denote angular momentum in spin components Fz= +1,0,-1, respectively. For intermediate SO coupling, the solitons have multi-ring structure maintaining the above-mentioned vortices in respective components. For larger SO coupling, superlattice solitons with a square-lattice structure in total density are found in addition to stripe solitons with stripe pattern in component densities with no periodic modulation in total density.