Doubling inequalities and nodal sets in periodic elliptic homogenization

Abstract

We prove explicit doubling inequalities and obtain uniform upper bounds (under $(d-1)$-dimensional Hausdorff measure) of nodal sets of weak solutions for a family of linear elliptic equations with rapidly oscillating periodic coefficients. The doubling inequalities, explicitly depending on the doubling index, are proved at different scales by a combination of convergence rates, a three-ball inequality from certain "analyticity", and a monotonicity formula of a frequency function. The upper bounds of nodal sets are shown by using the doubling inequalities, approximations by harmonic functions and an iteration argument.