Strained BiFeO$_{3}$ perovskite structure for enhanced photovoltaic effect

Abstract

BiFeO$_{3}$ is multiferroic material with space group Pbnm exhibits coupling of both magnetic and electric orders under strain force. To analyze band gap Tauc plot extrapolation method is used $\&$ remarkably smaller than some reported literature values for space group R3c structure. The dielectric function $\varepsilon(\omega)$ demonstrated that light energy upon transition through BiFeO$_{3}$ has shown a decline inconsistent pattern with index of refraction variation in range of 13 to 8, 8 to 5, 5 to 3, $\&$ 3 to 1 as per photon energy. Moreover, non crossing degenerate energy level and hybridized spin-orbit interaction lead to linear dispersion relation which is typical photonic nature with zero DM interaction. Thus, BiFeO$_{3}$ could exhibit photonic property under strain force. Generally strained structure had enhanced photovoltaic effect with smaller optical band gap because of $Dzyaloshinskii$-$Moriya(DM)$ and spin-orbit coupling interactions.