Exact solution of two simple non-equilibrium electron-phonon and electron-electron coupled systems: the atomic limit of the Holstein-Hubbard model and the generalized Hatsugai-Komoto model

Abstract

One of the challenges in many-body physics is determining the effects of phonons on strongly correlated electrons. The difficulty arises from strong correlations at differing energy scales -- for band metals, Migdal-Eliashberg theory accurately determines electron-phonon coupling effects due to the absence of vertex corrections -- but strongly correlated electrons require a more complex description and the standard Migdal-Eliashberg approach does not necessarily apply. In this work, we solve for the atomic limit Green's function of the Holstein-Hubbard model with both time-dependent electron-electron and electron-phonon couplings. We then examine the photoemission spectra (PES) of this model in and out of equilibrium. Next we use similar methods to exactly solve an extended version of the Hatsugai-Komoto model, and examine its behavior in and out of equilibrium. These calculations lead us to propose using the first moment of the photoemission spectra to signal non-equilibrium changes in electron-electron and electron-phonon couplings.