The Direct Shooting Method is a Complete Method

Abstract

The direct shooting method is a classic approach for the solution of Optimal Control Problems (OCPs). It parameterizes the control variables and transforms the OCP to the Nonlinear Programming (NLP) problem to solve. This method is easy to use and it often introduces less parameters compared with all-variable parameterization method like the Pseudo-spectral (PS) method. However, it is long believed that its solution is not guaranteed to satisfy the optimality conditions of the OCP and the costates are not available in using this method. In this paper, we show that the direct shooting method may also provide the costate information, and it is proved that both the state and the costate solutions converge to the optimal as long as the control variable tends to the optimal, while the parameterized control may approach the optimal control with reasonable parameterization. This gives us the credit for the optimal control computation when employing the direct shooting method.