On partitions of integers with restrictions involving squares

Abstract

In this paper, we study partitions of positive integers with restrictions involving squares. We mainly establish the following two results (which were conjectured by Sun in 2013): (i) Each positive integer $n$ can be written as $n=x+y+z$ with $x,y,z$ positive integers such that $x^2+y^2+z^2$ is a square, unless $n$ has the form $n=2^{a}3^{b}$ or $2^{a}7$ with $a$ and $b$ nonnegative integers. (ii) Each integer $n>7$ with $n\not=11,14,17$ can be written as $n=x+y+2z$ with $x,y,z$ positive integers such that $x^2+y^2+2z^2$ is a square.