Hypergeometric Functions at Unit Argument: Simple Derivation of Old and New Identities

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to derive a number of identities for the generalized hypergeometric function evaluated at unity and for certain terminating multivariate hypergeometric functions from the symmetries and other properties of Meijer's $G$ function. For instance, we recover two- and three-term Thomae relations for ${}_3F_2$, give two- and three-term transformations for ${}_4F_3$ with one unit shift and ${}_5F_4$ with two unit shifts in the parameters, establish multi-term identities for general ${}_{p}F_{p-1}$ and several transformations for terminating Kamp\'e de F\'eriet and Srivastava $F^{(3)}$ functions. We further present a presumably new formula for analytic continuation of ${}_pF_{p-1}(1)$ in parameters and reveal somewhat unexpected connections between the generalized hypergeometric functions and the generalized and ordinary Bernoulli polynomials. Finally, we exploit some recent duality relations for the generalized hypergeometric and $q$-hypergeometric functions to derive multi-term relations for terminating series.