Asymptotic expansion of the Dulac map and time for unfoldings of hyperbolic saddles: Coefficient properties

Abstract

We consider a $\mathscr C^\infty$ family of planar vector fields $\{X_{\hat\mu}\}_{\hat\mu\in\hat W}$ having a hyperbolic saddle and we study the Dulac map $D(s;\hat\mu)$ and the Dulac time $T(s;\hat\mu)$ from a transverse section at the stable separatrix to a transverse section at the unstable separatrix, both at arbitrary distance from the saddle. Since the hyperbolicity ratio $\lambda$ of the saddle plays an important role, we consider it as an independent parameter, so that $\hat\mu=(\lambda,\mu)\in \hat W=(0,+\infty)\times W$, where $W$ is an open subset of $\mathbb R^N.$ For each $\hat\mu_0\in\hat W$ and $L>0$, the functions $D(s;\hat\mu)$ and $T(s;\hat\mu)$ have an asymptotic expansion at $s=0$ and $\hat\mu\approx\hat\mu_0$ with the remainder being uniformly $L$-flat with respect to the parameters. The principal part of both asymptotic expansions is given in a monomial scale containing a deformation of the logarithm, the so-called Ecalle-Roussarie compensator. In this paper we are interested in the coefficients of these monomials, which are functions depending on $\hat\mu$ that can be shown to be $\mathscr C^\infty$ in their respective domains and "universally" defined, meaning that their existence is stablished before fixing the flatness $L$ and the unfolded parameter $\hat\mu_0.$ Each coefficient has its own domain and it is of the form $((0,+\infty)\setminus D)\times W$, where~$D$ a discrete set of rational numbers at which a resonance of the hyperbolicity ratio $\lambda$ occurs. In our main result we give the explicit expression of some of these coefficients and to this end a fundamental tool is the employment of a sort of incomplete Mellin transform. With regard to these coefficients we also prove that they have poles of order at most two at $D\times W$ and we give the corresponding residue, that plays an important role when compensators appear in the principal part.