Dark states and vortex solutions with finite energy in Maxwell-Dirac nonlinear equations

Abstract

Starting from Maxwell equations for media with no-stationary linear and nonlinear polarization, we obtain a set of nonlinear Maxwell amplitude equations in approximation of first order of the dispersion. After a special kind of complex presentation, the set of amplitude equations was written as a set of nonlinear Dirac equations. For broad-band pulses solitary solutions with half-integer spin and finite energy are found. The solutions correspond to electromagnetic wave with circular Poynting vector and zero divergence. These invisible for detectors waves are called dark states and the localized energy we determine as electromagnetic mass.