A Bayesian realized threshold measurement GARCH framework for financial tail risk forecasting

Abstract

This paper proposes an innovative threshold measurement equation to be employed in a Realized-GARCH framework. The proposed framework incorporates a nonlinear threshold regression specification to consider the leverage effect and model the contemporaneous dependence between the observed realized measure and hidden volatility. A Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is adapted and employed for model estimation, with its validity assessed via a simulation study. The validity of incorporating the proposed measurement equation in Realized-GARCH type models is evaluated via an empirical study, forecasting the 1% and 2.5% Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall on six market indices with two different out-of-sample sizes. The proposed framework is shown to be capable of producing competitive tail risk forecasting results in comparison to the GARCH and Realized-GARCH type models.