Sloshing in coffee as a pumped pendulum
Abstract
We present a study of the dynamics of a cup of coffee while walking with it in terms of a lumped model. The model considered is a planar (nonlinear) pendulum with parametric and direct excitation. The position of the pivot is changed with time, which leads to parametric excitation in the vertical direction; and parametric/direct excitation in the horizontal one. For the former case, the Method of Averaging is used to determine the regions of stability for two steady-state solutions. In the vertical/horizontal excitation, we determined the resonances of the system using the Method of Multiple Scales and show the results computed with exact numerical integration.
Turn this paper into a full lesson
ArcXiv compiles a staged curriculum from this paper: 8-12 lessons across beginner → advanced, synthesised section guides, visuals, flashcards, a quiz, exercises, and on-demand deep dives per section. Grounded in the abstract, never invented.