About Standpoints for Surmounting Reversibility and Recurrence Paradoxes in Theoretical Thermodynamics

Abstract

The reversibility and recurrence paradoxes are key issues that have been left unsolved in researches on the foundation of thermodynamics since the 19th century. This article shows that (1) the reversibility paradox can be overcome if we pay attention to observed quantities, which represent net results of the motion of a reversible character in the non-observable area and (2) the recurrence paradox can be surmounted if we look at an isolated system from the inside, in which there is no system with discrete energy levels. These arguments confirm the validity of the reported conclusion that the origin of the increase of entropy in an isolated system is the basic quality of microscopic particles of spontaneously spreading into every possible spatial area.