$U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ for Light Dark Matter, $g_\mu-2$, the $511$ keV excess and the Hubble Tension

Abstract

In this paper we introduce a light Dirac particle $\psi$ as thermal dark matter candidate in a $U(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$ model. Together with the new gauge boson $X$, we find a possible parameter space with $m_X \simeq 20$ MeV, $U(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$ coupling $g_X \simeq 5 \cdot 10^{-4}$ and $m_\psi \gtrsim m_X/2$ where the $(g-2)_\mu$ anomaly, dark matter, the Hubble tension, and (part of) the excess of $511$ keV photons from the region near the galactic center can be explained simultaneously. This model is safe from current experimental and astrophysical constraints, but can be probed by the next generation of neutrino experiments as well as low-energy $e^+e^-$ colliders.