Dynatomic polynomials, necklace operators, and universal relations for dynamical units

Abstract

Given a generic polynomial $f(x)$, the generalized dynatomic polynomial $\Phi_{f,c,d}(x)$ vanishes at precisely those $\alpha$ such that $f^c(\alpha)$ has period exactly $d$ under iteration of $f(x)$. We show that the shifted dynatomic polynomials $\Phi_{f,c,d}(x) - 1$ often have generalized dynatomic factors, and that these factors are in correspondence with certain cyclotomic factors of necklace polynomials. These dynatomic factors of $\Phi_{f,c,d}(x) - 1$ have an interpretation in terms of new multiplicative relations between dynamical units which are uniform in the polynomial $f(x)$.