Analyticity and observability for fractional heat equation on $\mathbb{R}^n$

Abstract

In this paper, we study quantitative spatial analytic bounds and unique continuation inequalities of solutions for fractional heat equations with an analytic lower order term on the whole space. At first, we show that the solution has a uniform positive analytic radius for all time, and the solution enjoys a log-type ultra-analytic bound if the coefficient is ultra-analytic. Second, we prove a H\"{o}lder type interpolation inequality on a thick set, with an explicit dependence on the analytic radius of coefficient. Finally, by the telescoping series method, we establish an observability inequality from a thick set. As a byproduct of the proof, we obtain observability inequalities in weighted spaces from a thick set for the classical heat equation with a lower order term.