Coherent strong-coupling of terahertz magnons and phonons in a Van der Waals antiferromagnetic insulator

Abstract

Emergent cooperative motions of individual degrees of freedom, i.e. collective excitations, govern the low-energy response of system ground states under external stimulations and play essential roles for understanding many-body phenomena in low-dimensional materials. The hybridization of distinct collective modes provides a route towards coherent manipulation of coupled degrees of freedom and quantum phases. In magnets, strong coupling between collective spin and lattice excitations, i.e., magnons and phonons, can lead to coherent quasi-particle magnon polarons. Here, we report the direct observation of a series of terahertz magnon polarons in a layered zigzag antiferromagnet FePS3 via far-infrared (FIR) transmission measurements. The characteristic avoided-crossing behavior is clearly seen as the magnon-phonon detuning is continuously changed via Zeeman shift of the magnon mode. The coupling strength g is giant, achieving 120 GHz (0.5 meV), the largest value reported so far. Such a strong coupling leads to a large ratio of g to the resonance frequency (g/{\omega}) of 4.5%, and a value of 29 in cooperativity (g^2/{\gamma}_{ph}{\gamma}_{mag}). Experimental results are well reproduced by first-principle calculations, where the strong coupling is identified to arise from phonon-modulated anisotropic magnetic interactions due to spin-orbit coupling. These findings establish FePS3 as an ideal testbed for exploring hybridization-induced topological magnonics in two dimensions and the coherent control of spin and lattice degrees of freedom in the terahertz regime.