On the distance spectrum of minimal cages and associated distance biregular graphs

Abstract

A $(k,g)$-cage is a $k$-regular simple graph of girth $g$ with minimum possible number of vertices. In this paper, $(k,g)$-cages which are Moore graphs are referred as minimal $(k,g)$-cages. A simple connected graph is called distance regular(DR) if all its vertices have the same intersection array. A bipartite graph is called distance biregular(DBR) if all the vertices of the same partite set admit the same intersection array. It is known that minimal $(k,g)$-cages are DR graphs and their subdivisions are DBR graphs. In this paper, for minimal $(k,g)$-cages we give a formula for distance spectral radius in terms of $k$ and $g$, and also determine polynomials of degree $[\frac{g}{2}]$, which is the diameter of the graph. This polynomial gives all distance eigenvalues when the variable is substituted by adjacency eigenvalues. We show that a minimal $(k,g)$-cage of diameter $d$ has $d+1$ distinct distance eigenvalues, and this partially answers a problem posed in [5]. We prove that every DBR graph is a $2$-partitioned transmission regular graph and then give a formula for its distance spectral radius. By this formula we obtain the distance spectral radius of subdivision of minimal $(k,g)$-cages. Finally we determine the full distance spectrum of subdivision of some minimal $(k,g)$-cages.