Quantum nucleation of gas bubbles in liquid helium
Abstract
Liquid helium under negative pressures represents a unique possibility for studying nucleation and growth dynamics of cavities at low temperatures down to absolute zero. We analyze the growth dynamics of cavities and determine the temperature behavior of quantum cavitation rate and the crossover temperature between the classical and quantum cavitation mechanisms. The energy dissipation processes, which differ in kind in normal fluid 3He and superfluid 4He, result in the different temperature behavior of cavitation rate in 3He and 4He below the thermal-quantum crossover temperature.
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