Bifurcation diagrams of one-dimensional Kirchhoff type equations

Abstract

We study the one-dimensional Kirchhoff type equation $$ -(b + a\Vert u'\Vert^{2}) u''(x) = \lambda u(x)^p, x \in I:= (-1,1), \enskip u(x) > 0, \enskip x\in I, \enskip u(\pm 1) = 0, $$ where $\Vert u'\Vert = \left(\int_I u'(x)^2 dx\right)^{1/2}$, $a > 0, b > 0, p> 0$ are given constants and $\lambda > 0$ is a bifurcation parameter. We establish the exact solution $u_\lambda(x)$ and complete shape of the bifurcation curves $\lambda = \lambda(\xi)$, where $\xi:= \Vert u_\lambda\Vert_\infty$. We also study the nonlinear eigenvalue problem $$ -\Vert u'\Vert^{p-1} u''(x) = \mu u(x)^p, x \in I, \enskip u(x) > 0, x\in I, \enskip u(\pm 1) = 0, $$ where $p > 1$ is a given constant and $\mu > 0$ is an eigenvalue parameter. We establish the first eigenvalue and eigenfunction of this problem by using a simple time map method.