Construction of meta-GGA functionals through restoration of exact constraint adherence to regularized SCAN functionals

Abstract

The SCAN meta-GGA exchange-correlation functional [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 036402 (2015)] is constructed as a chemical environment-determined interpolation between two separate energy densities: one describes single orbital electron densities accurately, and another describes slowly-varying densities accurately. To conserve constraints known for the exact exchange-correlation functional, the derivatives of this interpolation vanish in the slowly-varying limit. While theoretically convenient, this choice introduces numerical challenges that degrade the functional's efficiency. We have recently reported a modification to the SCAN functional, termed r$^2$SCAN [J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 8208 (2020)] that introduces two regularizations into SCAN which improve its numerical performance at the expense of not recovering the fourth order term of the slowly-varying density gradient expansion for exchange. Here we show the derivation of a progression of functionals (rSCAN, r++SCAN, r$^2$SCAN, and r$^4$SCAN) with increasing adherence to exact conditions while maintaining a smooth interpolation. The greater smoothness of r$^2$SCAN seems to lead to better general accuracy than the additional exact constraint of SCAN or r$^4$SCAN does.