Light-field microscopy with correlated beams for extended volumetric imaging at the diffraction limit

Abstract

Light-field microscopy represents a promising solution for microscopic volumetric imaging, thanks to its capability to encode information on multiple planes in a single acquisition. This is achieved through its peculiar simultaneous capture of information on light spatial distribution and propagation direction. However, state-of-the-art light-field microscopes suffer from a detrimental loss of spatial resolution compared to standard microscopes. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a light-field microscopy architecture based on light intensity correlation, in which resolution is limited only by diffraction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique in refocusing three-dimensional test targets and biological samples out of the focused plane. We improve the depth of field by a factor 6 with respect to conventional microscopy, at the same resolution, and obtain, from one acquired correlation image, about $130,000$ images, all seen from different perspectives; such multi-perspective images are employed to reconstruct over $40$ planes within a $1 \,\mathrm{mm}^3$ sample with a diffraction-limited resolution voxel of $20 \times 20 \times 30\ \mu\mathrm{m}^3$.