Fast Hand Detection in Collaborative Learning Environments

Abstract

Long-term object detection requires the integration of frame-based results over several seconds. For non-deformable objects, long-term detection is often addressed using object detection followed by video tracking. Unfortunately, tracking is inapplicable to objects that undergo dramatic changes in appearance from frame to frame. As a related example, we study hand detection over long video recordings in collaborative learning environments. More specifically, we develop long-term hand detection methods that can deal with partial occlusions and dramatic changes in appearance. Our approach integrates object-detection, followed by time projections, clustering, and small region removal to provide effective hand detection over long videos. The hand detector achieved average precision (AP) of 72% at 0.5 intersection over union (IoU). The detection results were improved to 81% by using our optimized approach for data augmentation. The method runs at 4.7x the real-time with AP of 81% at 0.5 intersection over the union. Our method reduced the number of false-positive hand detections by 80% by improving IoU ratios from 0.2 to 0.5. The overall hand detection system runs at 4x real-time.