Analytic derivation of the non-linear gluon distribution function

Abstract

In the present article, two analytical solutions based on the Laplace transforms method for the linear and non-linear gluon distribution functions have been presented at low values of $x$. These linear and non-linear methods are presented based on the solutions of the Dokshitzer-Gribov- Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equation and the Gribov-Levin-Ryskin Mueller-Qiu (GLR-MQ) equation at the leading-order accuracy in perturbative QCD respectively. The gluon distributions are obtained directly in terms of the parametrization of structure function $F_{2}(x,Q^{2})$ and its derivative and compared with the results from the parametrization models. The $n_{f}$ changes at the threshold are considered in the numerical results. The effects of the non-linear corrections are visible as $Q^{2}$ decreases and vanish as $Q^{2}$ increases. The nonlinear corrections tame the behavior of the gluon distribution function at low $x$ and $Q^{2}$ in comparison with the parametrization models.