Superhorizon perturbations: A possible explanation of the Hubble--Lema\^itre Tension and the Large Scale Anisotropy of the Universe

Abstract

Current cosmological observations point to a serious discrepancy between the observed Hubble parameter obtained using direct and cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) measurements. Besides this, the so called Hubble--Lema\^itre tension, we also find considerable evidence in diverse cosmological observables that indicate violation of the cosmological principle. In this paper, we suggest that both these discrepancies are related and can be explained by invoking superhorizon perturbations in the Universe. We implement this by considering a single superhorizon mode and showing that it leads to both a dipole in large scale structures and a shift in the Hubble--Lema\^itre parameter. Furthermore, the shift is found to be independent of redshift up to a certain distance. This is nicely consistent with the data.