Layer-controlled Ferromagnetism in Atomically Thin CrSiTe$_3$ Flakes

Abstract

The research on two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets has promoted the development of ultrahigh-density and nanoscale data storage. However, intrinsic ferromagnetism in layered magnets is always subject to many factors, such as stacking orders, interlayer couplings, and the number of layers. Here, we report a magnetic transition from soft to hard ferromagnetic behaviors as the thickness of CrSiTe$_3$ flakes decreases down to several nanometers. Phenomenally, in contrast to the negligible hysteresis loop in the bulk counterparts, atomically thin CrSiTe$_3$ shows a rectangular loop with finite magnetization and coercivity as thickness decreases down to ~8 nm, indicative of a single-domain and out-of-plane ferromagnetic order. We find that the stray field is weakened with decreasing thickness, which suppresses the formation of the domain wall. In addition, thickness-dependent ferromagnetic properties also reveal a crossover from 3 dimensional to 2 dimensional Ising ferromagnets at a ~7 nm thickness of CrSiTe$_3$, accompanied by a drop of the Curie temperature from 33 K for bulk to ~17 K for 4 nm sample.