Asymptotic behavior of least energy solutions for a fractional Laplacian eigenvalue problem on $R^N$

Abstract

We are interested in the existence and asymptotical behavior for the least energy solutions of the following fractional eigenvalue problem \begin{equation*} (P)\quad (-\Delta)^{s}u+V(x)u=\mu u+am(x)|u|^{\frac{4s}{N}}u,\quad \int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|u|^{2}dx=1,\ u\in H^{s}(\mathbb{R}^{N}), \end{equation*} where $s\in(0,1)$, $\mu\in\mathbb{R}$, $a>0$, $V(x)$ and $m(x)$ are $L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{N})$ functions with $N\geq2$. We prove that there is a threshold $a_s^{*}>0$ such that problem $(P)$ has a least energy solution $u_{a}(x)$ for each $a\in(0,a_s^{*})$ and $u_{a}$ blows up, as $a\nearrow a_s^{*}$, at some point $x_0 \in \mathbb{R}^N$, which makes $V(x_0)$ be the minimum and $m(x_0)$ be the maximum. Moreover, the precise blowup rates for $u_a$ are obtained under suitable conditions on $V(x)$ and $m(x)$.