Herding of proteins by the ends of shrinking polymers

Abstract

The control of biopolymer length is mediated by proteins that localize to polymer ends and regulate polymerization dynamics. Several mechanisms have been proposed to achieve end localization. Here, we propose a novel mechanism by which a protein that binds to a shrinking polymer and slows its shrinkage will be spontaneously enriched at the shrinking end through a "herding" effect. We formalize this process using both a lattice-gas model and a continuum description, and we present experimental evidence that the microtubule regulator spastin employs this mechanism. Our findings extend to more general problems involving diffusion within shrinking domains.