Min-max minimal hypersurfaces with higher multiplicity
Abstract
We exhibit the first set of examples of non-bumpy metrics on the (n+1)-sphere (2≤ n≤ 6) in which the varifold associated with the two-parameter min-max construction must be a multiplicity-two minimal n-sphere. This is proved by a new area-and-separation estimate for certain minimal hypersurfaces with Morse index two inspired by an early work of Colding-Minicozzi. We also construct non-bumpy projective spaces in which the first min-max hypersurfaces are one-sided, and non-bumpy balls in which the free boundary min-max hypersurfaces are improper.
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