One-dimensional symmetric phases protected by frieze symmetries

Abstract

We make a systematic study of symmetry-protected topological gapped phases of quantum spin chains in the presence of the frieze space groups in one dimension using matrix product states. Here, the spatial symmetries of the one-dimensional lattice are considered together with an additional 'vertical reflection', which we take to be an on-site $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. We identify seventeen distinct non-trivial phases, define canonical forms, and compare the topological indices obtained from the MPS analysis with the group cohomological predictions. We furthermore construct explicit renormalization group fixed-point wave functions for symmetry-protected topological phases with global on-site symmetries, possibly combined with time-reversal and parity symmetry. En route, we demonstrate how group cohomology can be computed using the Smith normal form.