Spatial entanglement between two quantum walkers with exchange symmetric coins

Abstract

We investigate how the initial and final exchange symmetries between the two-coin states influence the spatial entanglement dynamics between the two corresponding quantum walkers. Notably, when the initial state is anti-symmetric and the final measurement on the coins yields symmetric outcomes, all the initial entanglement will be transferred to the spatial degrees of freedom, regardless of when the coins are measured. Conversely, if the final outcomes are anti-symmetric, the spatial entanglement exhibits damped oscillation with a period ($T$) being inversely proportional to the coin operator parameter ($\theta$). These behaviours are reversed for symmetric initial states. Moreover, we also observe the same spatial entanglement damping regardless of the initial state when the post-selected results lack symmetry. Our findings reveal how symmetries affect the entanglement dynamics in quantum walks, offering potential insights for applications in quantum technology.