Entanglement distribution in fermion model with long-range interaction

Abstract

How two-party entanglement (TPE) is distributed in the many-body systems? This is a fundamental issue because the total TPE between one party with all the other parties, $\mathcal{C}^N$, is upper bounded by the Coffman, Kundu and Wootters (CKW) monogamy inequality, from which $\mathcal{C}^N \le \sqrt{N-1}$ can be proved by the geometric inequality. Here we explore the total entanglement $\mathcal{C}^\infty$ and the associated total tangle $\tau^\infty$ in a $p$-wave free fermion model with long-range interaction, showing that $\mathcal{C}^\infty \sim \mathcal{O}(1)$ and $\tau^\infty$ may become vanishing small with the increasing of long-range interaction. However, we always find $\mathcal{C}^\infty \sim 2\xi \tau^\infty$, where $\xi$ is the truncation length of entanglement, beyond which the TPE is quickly vanished, hence $\tau^\infty \sim 1/\xi$. This relation is a direct consequence of the exponential decay of the TPE induced by the long-range interaction. These results unify the results in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model and Dicke model and generalize the Koashi, Buzek and Imono bound to the quantum many-body models, with much broader applicability.