On the Origin of Black Hole Paradoxes

Abstract

Black hole firewall paradox is an inconsistency between four postulates in black hole physics: (1) the unitary evolution in quantum systems, (2) application of the semi-classical field theory in low curvature backgrounds, (3) statistical mechanical origin of the black hole entropy, and (4) the equivalence principle in the version of no drama for free-falling observers in the vicinity of the horizon. Based on the existence of the Hawking radiation for the static observers standing outside a Schwarzschild black hole, we show a direct contradiction between the postulates (2) and (4). If there is not a way out of this new problem, it implies the necessity of relaxing one of these two assumptions for resolving the black hole firewall paradox.